The role of DNA in forensic science: A comprehensive review

Forensic genetics, leveraging molecular tools and scientific applications, has witnessed significant advancements in DNA analysis over the last three decades. These progressions have enhanced discrimination power, speed, sensitivity of profiling methods, enabling challenging samples. This article explores significance forensic genetics criminal investigations, traces historical evolution techniques, presents recent developments field. The aims to provide a comprehensive understanding crucial role investigations sheds light on latest trends breakthroughs this area. typing from ABO blood current standard short tandem repeat (STR) is discussed, along with alternative such as Y-chromosome single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing. Massively parallel sequencing (MPS) represents groundbreaking advancement, whole genome addressing complex cases. also covers innovations, including methylation analysis, body fluid identification, phenotyping, genetic genealogy, highlighting their potential benefits investigations. Despite these advancements, STR remains gold due its established protocols databases. Ethical considerations regarding data privacy cost implications are technologies continue progress pursuit justice.